Introduction
The important of conversation in speaking skill
English
is an international language that domain the improvement of technology and
science. At the moment it includes many aspects of daily activities such as,
education, politic, economic, medic, and law. Then it is not be avoided that
English has been consumed by the people who wrestle with their own field. There
are four kinds of language skill which very important for us in learning
English, such as speaking, reading, listening and writing. On the other hand
there is one of skills that is usually demands us to master it. That is
speaking skill and grammar, because commonly the people who can speak English
fluency they will easy to get a job. At least they can understand about English
article. The key of mastering speaking skill is practicing more and more and
never be forgot its process needs learner self confidence. Speaking without
knowing the structural of language also is nothing. Therefore as an English
learner we also have to pay attention on grammatical language. It can be easy
listener to understand the purpose of our conversation. it is also can increase
our confidence in speaking. One of important in grammatical is tenses. Because
when we are making conversation with the other one, we are included in a time
where the tenses are used and in English there 16 tenses but that usually use
in daily activity is four tenses are present tense, past tense, future tense.
For this opportunity, in this paper I will tell about simple present tense
because this tense more easier to be learned than the other else. And students
are going to understand easily because it just uses the verb one. We can relate
the uses of simple present by using conversation because the application is
very important beside some theories.
Theoretical Background
A.
English Teaching Learning Process
Teaching
is an activity that is needed in educational world. Teaching consist of contact
between two individuals are teacher and students. This process will be
effective if the teacher use the appropriate method for different material. The
main point in teaching English is communication, especially good communication
between students and teacher. Because the problem that commonly happen in
teaching learning is lacking of communication.
“One of the greatest
student’s problem of acquiring English is the lack of communicative ( N.Domba
Benda, 1978: 87)
As
student’s interest plays a communication role in their teaching process, by
using English communication. Actually English is interesting language if we can
make it as an interesting thing. Of course the process of learning English will
be going as soon as well if the learners love it very much. The teacher as the
facilitator in improving their English learning skill also should have the best
strategy of teaching it to help the student success. However, the most effort
must be done by the student them selves. Commonly in the case of teaching
learning also the teacher should have the role as student’s friend. That
purpose only for making the situation of class is more attractive. This thing
can improve the student’s motivation in English learning. Especially this chance
will give the time for student to speak and give their opinion between the
other students. So, appear their encouragement to communicate with the teacher
in the classroom.
B. Teaching Tense Trough Communication Approach
“Speaking is an
interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and
receiving and processing information “ (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)
Communicative
and whole language instructional approach promote integration of speaking,
listening, reading, and writing in ways that reflect natural language use. But
opportunities for speaking and listening require structure and planning to
support language development. Structure is a part of grammar which explains
about the uses of tenses and parts of speech in the sentences. It can be a
guide in making a good arrangement of sentences either in verbal or non verbal
activity. Tenses in English grammar is different from time because time is only
expression the action for now, last, and next. Talking about tenses sometimes
makes students confused because they only think many patterns which ready comes
to be remembered by them. Actually learning tenses is interesting if the
teacher know how the way to make it feel simple. One of the ways that can be
done is making conversation in the form of asking and answering question using
certain tense.
“Conversation is
talking between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings and ideas are
expressed, question are asked and answered or news and information are
exchanged”
So
the main point of that definition, conversation is talking to each other. In
this context the students are demanded to ask and answer question about how the
uses of tense even in affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentence. This
direct conversation is done to make students easy in understanding and
remembering the uses tenses and exercise student to repeat again their remember
skill by oral activity. As we know because the reality learning theory is
useless without practicing it soon.
Finding Data
Tense
means time. However, it should be pointed out that time in relation to action
is a concept that exist in the mind of the speaker, reader or listener. Tense
in actual usage refers consistently only to grammatical forms. (America Book
Company by George E.Wishon ) Often tense and time do not correspond at all.
Based on Linda C.stanley “ways to writing” ( 427) Tense is verb tense indicates
the relationships between an action or state of being and the passage of time.
The present tense indicates that something is talking place now.
“In general, the
simple present express events or situations that exist always, usually,
habitually, they exist now, have existed in the pass, and probably will exist
in the future”
“ Tense is one of
forms which a verb takes by inflection or by adding auxiliary words, so as to
indicate the time of the action or even signified; the modification which verbs
undergo for the indication of time”
“Tense is a
grammatical category of verbs used to express distinctions of time”
W. Stannard Allen explained in his book ( Living English structure for schools) Present tense (simple) this tense is the same as the infinitive ( root form) of the verb. Unlike the continuous form, the simple present tense does not really describe acts that are habitual or usual.
In Robert Khorn of English sentence structure
A. Simple present tense with verbs other than be
Statement: He works
Question with Do,
Does: Does he work?
Short answer: yes he
does
B.
Single-word adverb of frequency: always, usually, often, etc.
“Simple present tense
designates action occurring at the time of speaking or writing”
“Simple present tense
is tense denoting an action happening in this time “
“The simple present
tense is talking something happens all the time or repeatedly or something is
true in general “
The
Simple Present Tense (also called the Present Simple Tense) is usually the
first verb tense ESL students are taught. Perhaps the most difficult thing for
ESL learners to remember is that the Third Person (he/she/it) of a regular verb
takes an “s.”
Present
Simple Function (when to use the Present Simple)
The
Present Simple verb tense has two primary functions:
- To talk about “general truths,” that is, to talk about something that was true in the past, is true now, and will be true in the future (e.g., The sun rises in the East. Nurses work hard. Water boils at 100 °C.)
- To talk about habits or rituals (e.g., I pay income taxes every year. She drinks coffee. We watch T.V. all the time. The Giants always lose.)
There
is more to teach about the Simple Present verb tense (such as the use of the
“helping” or auxiliary verb “do,” irregular verb conjugation, and the use of
words such as always, never, often, etc.), but the above are the basics that
must be taught.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation)
Speaking skill analysis is a comprehensive look at both the public speaker and the delivery. Our analysis will cover three areas of the speech. Use these to grade your self or be graded to attain constant and never ending improvement.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation)
Speaking skill analysis is a comprehensive look at both the public speaker and the delivery. Our analysis will cover three areas of the speech. Use these to grade your self or be graded to attain constant and never ending improvement.
A
conversation is communication between multiple people. It is a social skill
that is not difficult for most individuals. Conversations are the ideal form of
communication in some respects, since they allow people with different views on
a topic to learn from each other. A speech, on the other hand, is an oral
presentation by one person directed at a group.
Conversation is indispensable for the successful accomplishment of almost all activities between people, especially the coordination of work, the formation of friendship and for learning.
Classification of conversation
Conversation is indispensable for the successful accomplishment of almost all activities between people, especially the coordination of work, the formation of friendship and for learning.
Classification of conversation
The majority of conversations can be divided into four categories according to their major subject content:
- Conversations about subjective ideas, which often serve to extend understanding and awareness.
- Conversations about objective facts, which may serve to consolidate a widely-held view.
- Conversations about other people (usually absent), which may be critical, competitive, or supportive. This includes gossip
- Conversations about oneself, which sometimes indicate attention-seeking behavior.
In
the real world, few conversations fall exclusively into one category.
Nevertheless, the proportional distribution of any given conversation between
the categories can offer useful psychological insights into the mind set of the
participants.
Each type of conversation has its own cluster of purposes and expectations attached.
- Functional conversation is designed to convey information in order to help achieve an individual or group goal.
- Small talk is a type of conversation where the topic is less important than the social purpose of achieving bonding between people or managing personal distance
- Banter is non-serious conversation, usually between friends, which may rely on humor in-jokes at the expense of those taking part. The purpose of banter may at first appear to be an offensive affront to the other person's face. However, people engaging in such a conversation are often signaling that they are comfortable enough in each others' company to be able to say such things without causing offense. Banter is particularly difficult for those on the autism spectrum, or those with semantic pragmatic distorter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation)
“Conversation is
general course of conduct; behavior “
“Conversation is the
use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc:”
“Conversation is expression and exchange of individual ideas; talking with other people”
“Conversation is expression and exchange of individual ideas; talking with other people”
Analyzing Data
A
conversation is communication between two people or more. It is a social skill
that is not difficult for most individuals. Conversations are the ideal form of
communication in some respects; it is used by the people to exchange their idea
and information. By conversation they can know and learn from the individual
character each other. We live in this world as a social community therefore conversation
between other is needed. A speech, on the other hand, is an oral presentation
by one person directed at a group. “Speaking is an interactive process of
constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing
information”. Its relation to my chapter this is the point that I will explain
more is tense, definition of tense
“Tense is a
grammatical dictionary of verbs used to express distinctions of time.”
Grammar
is a category off the verb or verbal inflections, such as present, past,
future. That expresses the temporal relation between what is reported and the
time of its utterance. In English there are three types’ differences of using
verb based on the time. Whenever speaker talk at that time of speaking, they
are use present continuous and also use simple present tense for daily
conversation and then, if talking about the event that happen at the last it is
used simple past tense, moreover for future it is used future tense. Making
easy in learning tenses the best choice it begins from the basic simple part of
tense. Simple present is usually given in beginning of teaching tenses because
the pattern of this tense is quite easy to be remembered by students.
Simple present tense
Simple present tense is tense denoting an action happening in this time. This tense is used to talk about things in general. We are not only thinking about now, but it is used to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly or that something is true in general. It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking.
For example: We
usually go away at weekends (Habitual action)
The pattern is S+V1+O
For
the third person singular ( He, She, It) we should notice the verb by adding
“S” in the last. She drinks the water everyday. If the verb ending by SS,SH,CH,
X,O, are ending by “es” in the last of verb. He catches that ball as soon as
possible. If the verb ending by “y” preceded by consonant “y” is changed by “i”
and added with “es”. She studies English at the moment. There is also the verbs
ending in “y” preceded by vowel, only “s” is added. He plays badminton every
morning. For making questions and negative sentences in present simple uses the
verb “DO and Does”. Here is the example;
Introgative: Do (
I/we/they/you) work ?
Does ( he/she/it)
come ?
Negative: (
I/we/you/they) do not work
( He/she/it) does not
come
The uses of simple present tense
1.
Simple present tense is used to denote the habitual action; as we know the
habitual action is the acts that we always do repeatly. For example :
-
We go to school everyday
-
They usually get up at four o’clock
The adverbs of time commonly used to express the habitual action, are : usually, generally, often, never, seldom, sometimes, always, everyday ( every week, every month, etc) On Saturday ( Monday, Wednesday and etc) twice a week.
2. Simple present is used to denote the general truth; here the things can not be changed by us because those are have been definite happen. For example ;
- The plane flies in the sky
-
Do the fish live in the water?
3. Simple present is used to denote the character of someone or his ability; usually this tense is used to show someone skill or character. For example
- The students study hard
-
That girl does not sing beautifully
4. Simple present is used to emphasize the action; to make someone trust us, we can emphasize our action using Do or Does before the ordinary verb. So, simple present tense can be named with “ The present emphatic tense”
- I do speak English everyday
-
We do prepare our lesson before examination
The
relation between conversation and teaching simple present tense
Teaching
tenses can bored even for the teacher or especially for student, because in
grammar many rules or patterns that we should not forget it all. To make it
interesting and simple in order the student feel enjoy and then material can be
reminded easily by them. Practice is the best choice in this case. The
practicing way is through direct conversation between students ( a fairs) after
the teacher told clearly about simple present tense and its uses in reality.
“Conversation is
talking between two or more people in which thoughts, feelings, and ideas are
expressed questions are asked and answered or news and information are
exchanged “
Based
on that definition, with conversation the students can share their feeling or
thought each other. With this change the teacher can take the pathway to
include the teaching material in their activity. Because as usual when the
teacher have finished their explanation about tenses, they exactly ask the
student to do some exercises at that time and his activity that makes student
feel bored. Relation between direct conversation and teaching tense is very
close because that have the big feedback in English learning. Should be known
teaching needs the role of teacher and students. Then using this method is
suitable in English teaching grammar. It can keen the student memorizing and
also can fluency English speaking of students. As the explanation before,
teaching tenses is felt bored and learning it is quite difficult. But that all
will be felt different if the teacher can socialize with something that makes
student is challenged with it. Student will feel bored in a teaching because of
many factors such as the method of teaching, the material of teaching, the
situation of teaching, even the teacher character in teaching. In this case,
actually cooperation between student and teacher becomes the main point to
apply the material that has been taught. Simple present tense is tense that is
used to indicate the action which often happen repeatedly or habitual action.
This point makes easy the student to practice it directly through conversation.
The content of conversation is talking about daily activity that student always
do before going to the school. Using conversation makes teaching learning is
more effective. As usual learning tense has related with memorizing of its
patterns and the situation of using it. So, by practicing it in the real
situation after learning will help learner to memorize the pattern fast. The
conversation may be done at that time is talking about learner habitual action
before they are going to study in the classroom. Here is the example of small
conversation about habitual action of learner.
For example; Student A is Hanna
Student B is David
David : Hi,, good
morning ,,Hanna?
Hanna : Good
morning,, Dav
David : How are you
today ?
Hanna : I am fine and
how about you ?
David : I am fine
too,, thank you. But you look so tired Hanna. Can you tell me about your daily
activity before going to this class?
Hanna : No,,I do not think so. But I will tell u about that. I usually get up at 4.15 am o’clock to pray shubuh. So, I take bath and wash my dress at 05.15 am after that I help my mother to prepare a breakfast for my family. Finally we take a breakfast together, and my father always accompanies me come to this school. Just at all.
David : Oh,,,I
see,,but can you give me the solution for getting early ? because I always late
for praying subuh..
Hanna : Yes, of
course, that is the simple one, you just change your daily time to sleep.
Before it what time do you always sleep at night?
David : All right,,it
is around 11.00 pm o’clock. Because I always watch my favorite program on
television before going to bed.
Hanna : Oh no,,,you
have to change your bad habitual activity. That is important for your health
beside you can pray subuh on time. Because normally we need the time for
sleeping is around eight hours. As the poem said early to bed and early to get
up makes people healthy, wealthy, and wise. Do you want it ?
David : Yes,,of
course I want it,,I am going to try it.
Thanks you Hanna..
Hanna : You’re
welcome,,,Wish you Luck Dav,,
Conclusion
English skill and English component is a unit that can not be separated. Those are having relation each other. That relation seems clear when the English it self is used by native speaker or English learner. Speaking without knowing the structure is laming and structure without practicing is nothing.
Simple
present tense is used for habitual action or general truth and making
conversation between students in teaching grammar can keen the memorizing
pattern and influence their English speaking
