Selasa, 04 Juni 2013

STRATEGI MENJAWAB SOAL TOEFL BAGIAN LISTENING



Here are some practical tips for man / SEUS that longer want to follow the TOEFL test.
1. Answering Questions Listening Comprehension Strategies
a. In the listening section in the TOEFL test, there are many things that can affect achievement scores include:
• Quality Tool Players
Kualias crisp and clear sound of the instrument cassette or CD player will be a positive influence on the concentration of the test participants.
• Speech of Delivery (rate of speech rate)
Rate of speed sentences that were raised by the speaker must be able to be captured well by the audience in order to understand the purpose of the conversation.
• Verbs Idiomatic Expression and Multipart
Without knowing idiomatic Expression and Multipart Verbs, it is difficult for test takers to answer the listening test with regard to both of these.
b. Trial Hearing (Listening Test) in TOEFL
• Short Conversations (Short Dialogues)
In the face of a short conversation test, the easiest trick is to look for similarities or synonym of the core conversation itself. The types are: restate (restatement), negative and positive response statement or otherwise, suggestions (suggestion), passive sentences (passives), who and where (who and where), and approval (agreement).
• Dialog Length (Long Dialogues)
In a long dialogue, we are not only required to understand the main idea of ​​the conversation, but also must be able to recall the details of things that are in the conversation. The main requirement to make it easier to answer questions of this type is the ability to hear (listening skills) and advanced levels given the level of capability that is really good.
• Discussion Pannjang (Long Talks)
Process to answer this question is no different from the process of answering a long dialogue. In addition to the ability level of advance, notice that the questions in the order issued definitive information that we dngarkan.
2. Answering Strategy Problem Structure and Written Expression
a. Here is the correct way to analyze sentences tested in the TOEFL first type (sentence completion).
• Analyze the elements of what is left in the sentence. If the only remaining subject and an object that is missing its verbs.
• We should be able to sort out an answer that is certain to narrow down our choices to the correct answer.
• We were able to determine rapidly between active and passive voice sentences. Try to translate it in Indonesian so it is sure to specify the type of active and passive sentences in choosing the correct answer.
• Understanding of tenses is absolutely necessary for the understanding, we can determine not only the auxiliary verb and the proper basis functions, but also define the auxiliary and verb that corresponds to the subject of the sentence.
b. Here is the correct way to analyze sentences tested in the TOEFL second type (identification error).
• Different forms of words, our task is to analyze the word that is not the same as the word that has the same function in a sentence.
• Incompatibility on pronouns, we must be able to be smart in the alignment Gant said of the subject or object of the sentence.
• Problems verb, the TOEFL exam, lack of harmony verb often lies in the passive voice, modal auxiliaries, and present / past perfect.
• The buildup of unnecessary words in a sentence. We must be able to recognize which function is the same word simultaneously.
• To use Infinitive and Gerund (verb-ing). To understand these words better way palig is memorized.
• The word circuit, the most effective way is to know the word in english and wary relationship that can characterize the fault on one of the existing circuit.
c. The following types of errors that are often tested in the TOEFL
• Errors in word and auxiliary verb used after adverbial at the beginning of the sentence. Some examples adverbial hardly, rarely, seldom, never, only, etc..
• Errors in subjunctive sentences, sentences are sentences nuanced subjunctive verb is in the simple form. Subjunctive verb belonging include: advise, ask, command, decree, demand, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, etc..
• Errors in the use of three pairs of verbs are almost similar.
• Errors on conditional questions, usually occurs in cases of discrepancy tenses, errors in verb tenses use the same two in a pair of conditional sentences.
• Errors in comparisson questions, irrelevancies it appears on the auxiliary verb object comparison, the establishment of a comparative adjective, adjective use to explain the behavior of verbs.
3. Answering Questions Reading Comprehension Strategies
a. When faced with Reading test Comprehention there are aspects that determine, among other things:
• Treasury vocabulary that we have
• Background readings that we face
• Our ability to understand the reading quickly, at least by the time given.
b. To understand a sentence we should be able to do the following:
• Understand each pronoun (pronouns) that a text / discourse literature.
• Separating sentences based on subject, object, verb, and adverb it.
• Ability to understand existing terminlnologi on reading.
From the above strategies allows us to recognize the TOEFL. Do not forget to always learn the theories have to tigkat advance. And most importantly, keep it to a matter of practice - TOEFL, to obtain results in accordance with what we want.

LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPAPER-BASED TOEFL (PBT)
Question: What is TOEFL Listening?
Answer: Listening tests are placed in Section 1 (first part) in TOEFLTEST. Section 1. Listening Comprehension test your comprehension skills in listening and conversation as well as more short term as well as the presentation of a person.
Question: What forms of matter in the Listening Comprehension section 1?
Answer: The TOEFL Listening is divided into three parts (Parts) A.Short Conversations (30 questions): You will listen to an informal conversation between a man and a woman, usually everyone is just talking sekali.Suara third (men or women ) then ask questions about percakapantersebut.B.Longer Conversations (generally 8 questions) you will hear duaorang is conveying something (lectures, explanations, etc.). Sounds keduaakan provide 3 to 5 questions about the pembicarran AC.Talks / lectures (usually 12 questions) you will hear satuorang (male or female) is conveying something (lectures, explanations, etc.). The second ballot will provide 4 to 5 for each question what is presented.


A. Menyimpulkan Pernyataan Lewat Konteks
Perhatikan apa yang disampaikan oleh pembicara kedua dan keterkaitan antara frasa serta kata kunci lainnya yang dapat mengantarkan pada kesimpulan yang benar. Biasanya terjadi pada pecakapan, jadi harus fokus di orang kedua tanpa harus melupakan pernyataan orang pertama. Model pertanyaan yang sering ditanyakan adalah:
• What does the man mean?
• What does the woman mean?
TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:
(Woman): Why is Bobby felling so happy?
(Man): She just started working in a real estate company.
(Narrator): What does the man say about Bobby?
a.       He always liked his word in real estate.
b.    He Began a new job.
c.        He just bought some real estate.
d.    He bought a real estate agency.

From the example above questions we must consider the second statement (man) without having to forgo the first question (woman). Correct answer is b.
B. Determining Who, What and Where

In TOEFL, makers often ask participants about the tests to determine and conclude WHO (Who), APA (What) and WHERE (WHERE) which mentioned in conversation. The usual questions asked are:
• Who is probably talking?
• What are the speakers discussing?
• Where does the dialogue / conversation probably take place?
Note the keyword and linkage talks first and second in the conversation to determine who, what and where.

TOEFL listening sample questions and answers about TOEFL tricks:
(Woman): Did you get the bread, eggs and milk?
(Man): Now we need to stand in line at the checkout counter.
(Narrator): Where does this conversation probably take place?
a. In a restaurant.
b. At a bakery.
c. On a farm.
d. In a market.
In the above question asks where the conversation might happen, the correct answer is b.

C. Understanding Negative Declaration
Determine the answer of an expression and a negative statement in a conversation with a positive statement which has a close meaning to the phrase and the negative statements.
Example question and answer about the TOEFL tricks:
(Woman): I can not seem to get the door unlocked.
(Man): That is not the right key for the door.
(Narrator): What does the woman mean?
a. The key in the drawer is on the right.
b. The should write the message on the door.
c. The man has the wrong key.
d. The right key is not in the drawer.
In the above matter, the negative expression is not the right key is meant by the second (man) with the same meaning pilhan answer (c) The mas has the wrong key. The phrase is not the right key in negative expressions have the same meaning as a positive statement has the wrong key.

D. Statement of Understanding With Idiom
TOEFL often use expressions and statements in the form of construction of phrases whose meaning is not the same as the combined meaning of the element. Examples of the idiom is as follows:
• Burning the candle at both ends (do too much work)
• Putting his foot in his mouth (to say embarrassing things)
• Killing two birds with one stone (completing two tasks simultaneously)
• All in day's work (nothing special)
• Two heads are better than one (cooperation is better)
• be in the same boat (in similar situations)

E. Understanding Meaningful Positive 2 Negative Instruments
If question 2 forms of instruments inserted by the often negative answer choices that lead to positive questions. Examples of these questions is No one's unhappy.
No (Instrument 1) >> Unhappy (Instrument 2)
Conclusion The above question is Everyone will be happy.

F. Understanding Expression Approval
Expression of agreement with a particular expression is often used by the makers of TOEFL.
There are several forms of persetuujuan statements, which are:
Approval Positive expression:
• I'll say
• You can say that again
• So do I
• I do to
• Me, too

Approval Negative expression:
• Neither do I
• I do not either

Trick TOEFL answer these models:
If a statement is positive, the form of consent form was shaped positive statement. Conversely, if the negative form of a statement then any form of approval of a negative kind.


G. Statement of Understanding Wish
Wish that word is interpreted wants or desires. In the TOEFL test, word meanings wish to imply that the speaker wants conditions contrary to fact. Examples of statements with the word wish is as follows:
• I wish she would tell the truth (fact: She will not tell me the truth)
• I wish I knew Japanese (fact: I do not know Japanese)
• I wish Rama has reviewed restaurants his lesson (fact: Rama did not review his lesson)

So, the trick answer TOEFL this model is responsible option contains keinganan condition contrary to the speaker.
Tips and Tricks TOEFL Listening Answering Questions
For the matter of A - Short Dialog >>
1. The briefing does not need to be heard
Directly viewing option (the difference between a matter of 8 seconds)
2. Do not choose the option that is similar to spoken dialogue
maksutnya resemblance more than 2 words
3. There is one option that automatically
The choices that means SIMILAR
The options maksutnya SAME (same sentence core)
The options NEGATIVE meaning to education
Encountered sentence bermaksut NOT KNOW
The choices that means DO NOT LIKE to someone
The options using RUDE WORD / NOT OFFICIAL (eg hungry, angry, bad, etc.)
There is the word "HELP THE MAN"
4. Speakers focused and listen to BOTH predicate (verb), said after tobe
5. Answer toefl could not answer such a row of numbers 1-4: AAAA
For about the B and C -> Dialog long
1. Because the focus of four numbers at once ignore instructions
2. The initial question for sure "What is the essence of Dialogue"
The core dialog usually in the first 3 sentences
3. Select the option that is similar to that spoken
Strategies In Answering Questions Part Toefl Listening & Problems In Listening
1. Take past TOEFL listening tests and Become familiar with the format. Quickly read the comprehension questions before the recording begins - this helps you to listen out for key points - Often there is a lot of content that you will not be tested on - keep your focus and energy for the points that count!
2. Practice note-taking Whenever you are listening to something in English - only write down key words or phrases, use the abbreviations for long words and always write in English. Record only the major points - you will not have time to write down the minor, unimportant details in the exam.
3. Improve your vocabulary - the more words you know, the Easier it will be for you to understand the listening section. Learn new vocab and save words you have trouble with by becoming an English, baby! Super members.
4. Listen for signal words that indicate major steps, changes or ideas such as seldom, at the moment, in 1975, so far, usually, often, up to now, at the moment. Make sure to also listen out for repetition, synonyms and pronouns.
5. Download listening practice lessons, such as lessons on Daily English Audio and stop it at different times. Try and guess what will happen next! This is a great way to practice your ability to connect and combine ideas. Then go back and listen to the lesson in full and see how well you did.
6. Determine the purpose of a conversation or speech-what do you think the speakers are trying to do? Are they angry? Trying to resolve a conflict? Sad? Express an idea? Practice this technique every time you hear English Including English movies or TV shows, daily English lessons on English, baby!, Even people you hear speaking English on the street! This will help you focus on the key points and improve your ability to filter out information that is not Necessary for the TOEFL listening exam questions.
7. Recognize key points - who or what is the conversation about? What is the main point of the lecture? Why are they talking about this? Remember, the TOEFL exam is testing your listening comprehension, not your ability to memorize and repeat what you have just heard!
8. Find connections between ideas - how do these points connect to the key ideas of the passage? If they do NOT connect to the key ideas, they are probably not the major ideas of the passage and you should not focus on them.
9. Pay attention when someone in the exercise Asks a question - Often it is a clue that information is about to be given. However, this is not always true so be careful for responses that sound a lot like the answer to a question. Listen very carefully as Often these responses are there to test your ability to understand the context of what you heard.
10. Categorize the type of exercise you are listening to when taking practice TOEFL listening tests. Ask yourself - is it a lecture (mostly one-sided and on academic topics) or a conversation (language is more informal, two or more people)? This will help you understand the flow of the conversation more Clearly.
Want to do TOEFL success, especially listening? Want to get a high TOEFL score so quickly accepted as a student at the prestigious university? Of course, mastering the English language is essential. But, despite our English mediocre, we can still successfully working on the TOEFL, including the listening test. Here are some tips that should answer TOEFL our control. :
1. Do not be fooled match between the sound that you hear (audio) with which you read (booklet). Sometimes the right answer is precisely that sounds different (but the same meaning).
2. Do not listen before reading. Read the first and CRUSH anticipatory response. Further listening to confirm answers. (Do not listen to the EMPTY HEAD!)

3. Form (sound) which differ among the four answer choices, can usually be taken as a TEMPORARY ANSWER.
4. The words in the question paper is usually used to mislead, as if the words were being tested, so you are stuck on matching sounds. Example, the word DOOR / DRAWER, the WRITE / RIGHT, said DID / WOULD / Should not
5. Beware of the words 'NEGATIVE' as absent (not present) on the question paper, with the word DID NOT COME (not present) of audio devices, as well as the sentence ACTIVE - PASSIVE.
6. In section B (Dialog TWO PEOPLE) are overlaid narrator, focus on BOTH PEOPLE. The first person to give feedback only, third person (narrator) talks mean just ask.
7. In section C (Conversation, TWO or MORE), make anticipate questions with 5W and 1H (WHAT, WHEN, WHY, WHO, WHERE, and HOW).
8. Exploration of key words from each alternative answers. Example, when writing AT A RESTAURANT, maybe you'll hear the word MENU, ORDER, FOOD, BEVERAGE, SPOON, WAITER, and so on.

Sumber            :
1. Trik Menjawab soal TOEFL Listening http://iqbalparabi.com/tips-dan-trik-menjawab-soal-toefl/

MATERIALS FOR TOEFL STRUCTURE (MATERI UNTUK TOEFL STRUCTURE)



Any material that is made for the TOEFL structure. Find grammer and tensisnya (no 7) included definitions and examples. Could be in the form of example sentences in English (if hard bsa bhs indo). First comparison first to rate etc.. Put in a blog ug task.
TOEFL test materials consisted of four sessions, which usually must diselesaiakan in a total time of 3 hours. Each session has its own time limit, so it takes the ability to solve the "true and fast". Each session include:
listening Comprehension
This section consists of 50 questions, you are required to answer the question that is played (this matter is not recorded in the books about). In this case the matter related to the three types of conversations: Conversations short, long conversations, and a long story.
Grammar Structure and Written Expression
Type of question is a structure with multiple-choice questions which required knowledge of grammar or correct grammar.
Reading Comprehension
You will face questions about the form of the story, where there will be questions related to the story. The story can be used for one or more questions. Berbada with Listening Comprehension, Reading Comprehension questions at the session for questions and a book should be read carefully.
Writing
You will be given a theme, and the theme is developed into writing in the English language. There are usually a limited number of characters minimum that should be on your writing.

TOEFL scores ranged from 310-677, and a passing grade depends on how each agency organizer minimum TOEFL score required. Discover surefire tips to pass the TOEFL test in our article tips pass the TOEFL test. And as an addition to knowledge, we also present article online color blindness tests that you can use as a means of testing. Hope it can help in preparing.
Here, I will try to explain the structure part in the TOEFL test. After looking for a reference, I will discuss 5 of 20 materials that are often out on the TOEFL test structure.
 a. Basic Sentences stucture
In general, there was no significant difference between the structure of English sentences with Indonesian, where a sentence is built upon four main components, namely
——————————————————————————————————
Subject (S) + Verb (V) + Complement (C) + Modifier (M)
——————————————————————————————————
In the Indonesian language, we are familiar with this component + Subject + Verb + Object Specification
example:
We Studied grammar last week
We Studied + + grammar + last week
S + V + C + M
1. SUBJECT
• is the agent of the sentence in the active voice (an agent of a sentence in the active form)
• is thing / person that performs or responsible for the action of a sentence (object / person / company conducting or are responsible for an action in a sentence)
• normally precedes the verb (usually precedes the verb, or a verb after the subject there are usually * just wrote Kalee ...
example:
• I explain how to study English
• She listens to my explanation
• They did not understand that language
The subject can be seen from the question who (whom) or what (what) which acts on a sentence.
2. VERB
Verb is the action of a sentence (action or actions in a sentence)
Verb phrase: auxilaries combination with the main verb (main verb)
example:
• I am learning English (am = auxilary, learning = main verb)
• My brother is very clever
• She has gone home (has = auxilary, gone = main verb)
• I have been waiting here (have been = auxilary, waiting = main verb)
Every sentence must have a Verb
3. Complement
• Usually a noun (noun) or noun phrase (noun phrase)
• usually found after the verb in the active sentence
• complement to answer the question what (what) or who (Whom)
example:
• Sarijon bought a cake yesterday
o What did Sarijon buy yesterday? -> A cake.
• He saw Tony at the movies
o Whom did he see at the movies? -> Tony
• I explain to my students pharmacology
o What do I explain to my students? -> Pharmacology
Note: Each sentence should not have a complement.
4. MODIFIER
• Modifier describes the time (time), place (where), or the manner (how) of an action or actions
• The most common form of the modifier is a propositional phrase (group of words that begins with
a preposition and ends with a noun
o Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc ...
• Modifier answer questions when (when), where (where), or how (how to)
example:
• John bought a book at a book fair
o Where did John buy a book? -> At a book fair
• She is driving very fast
o How is she driving? -> Very fast
• I posted my application yesterday
o When do I post my application? -> Yesterday
Example question:
1. _____ The Eiffel Tower Paris, France
a. landmarks
b. is a landmarked in
c. is a landmark in
d. is in a landmark
1. Young deer _______
a.      are called fawns
b.      Be fawns
c.       is fawns
d.   fawns are called
1. A dream about falling ______
a.      scary is
b.   is scary
c.   are scary
d.   is very scary

1. Those beautiful flowers _____
a.   is
b. Am
c. Are
d. Was

1. I _____ this blog on july 14th 2009
a. Launch
b. Launching
c. Launched
d. will launch

Answer
 1. The Eiffel Tower is a landmark in Paris, France, as it follows the rules of English sentence, a sentence must have a subject and verb, in this case, The Eiffel Tower, is a single subject that requires to be a singular, which is. And the sentence requires a complement to the needs of the Modifier place, Paris, so the landmark serves as a noun and can not be used in verb form 2 & 3 have been replaced by the role of verbs to be, is.
1.      Young deer fawns is, because the subject is single so need to be to play a singular verbs for the noun complements, fawns.

1. 3. A dream about falling is scary, because the subject, A dream, a single subject and needs to be singular verbs that act as complements to adjectives, scary.

1. 4. Those flowers are beautiful, because of the subject, those flower, is plural, then the words need to be in the plural.

1. 5. I Launched this blog on July 14th, 2009, because the sentence past tense form when seen from the time modifier, on July 14th, 2009, so the answer requires 2 verbs in the verb form for satisfying the rules of simple past tense, so the answer is Launched.
 
Parallel Structure
Parallelism means that the words used in a series or group that should have the same form as grammar. When we use words or phrases that are connected by a chain, then it must be the same shape as grammar. Consider the following example:
* Terry likes swimming and to dive. (False - not parallel)
* Terry likes swimming and diving. (True - parallel)
* Terry likes to swim and (to) dive. (True - parallel)
* I'm taking history, math, and chemical. (False - Chemical not a noun)
* I'm taking history, math, and chemistry
Sometimes the words are repeated as auxiliary verbs, can be removed in the next series.
* I have been to Paris and saw the Eiffel Tower. (False - should be seen PBUH)
* I have been to Paris and have seen the Eiffel Tower. (True)
* I have been to Paris and seen the Eiffel Tower. (True and better than an example to 2)
* Is she coming to the party or go to a movie? (Wrong)
* Is she coming to the party or going to a movie? (True)
Example question
Identify and correct the mistakes in the parallel structure in the following sentences
1. I swept the yard, weeded the garden and .... the clothes.
a.   was washing
b. Wash
c. Washed
d. Washing
1. James Decided to get up early, practice some yoga and .... healthy foods.
a. Eat
b. Ate
c. Eating
d. Eaten
1. Although I trained hard, practiced every day and ...... to my trainer, I've never won a tournament.
a. Listening
b. were listening
c. was listening
d. Listened

1. I wish he would listen to me, take my advice and ...... smoking.
a.   stop
b. Stopped
c. to stop
d. Stopping

1. He is an articulate, intelligent and ..... speaker.
a. Thoughtfully
b. was thought
c. Thoughtful
d. were thoughtful

Answer
1. I swept the yard, weeded the garden and washed the clothes, because the sentences using the simple past tense using third without Auxiliary verb, so the word verb wash should also use third without Auxiliary.
1. James Decided to get up early, practice some yoga and eat healthy foods, as said before practice using verb 1 so that the parallel pair should use the verb 1 one also eat.
1. Although I trained hard, practiced every day and listened to my trainer, I've never won a tournament, because the sentences using the simple past tense using the verb 3, the parallels should also use the verb 3.
1. I wish he would listen to me, take my advice and stop smoking, take my advice because a sentence using the verb 1 to take the word, and without to be, then the parallels should use the verb 1 also stop, without to be.
1. He is an articulate, intelligent and thoughtful speaker, because all the adjectives mentioned were single, then selected is thoughtful.

Comparative Adjectives
When talking about the two objects, we can compare and see the differences as well similarities between the two objects. Maybe it has the same thing on one side and the difference on the other side. To compare the difference between the two objects we use comparative adjectives. Comparison is only using comparative adjectives to compare between two objects only.

There are two ways to create a comparative adjectives:
1. Adding the suffix-er (short adjectives)
2. Adding more prefix (long adjectives)

Addition of a suffix rule for short adjectives:
- Generally only added adjective-er, for example: older, smaller, richer, etc.
- If the ending-e, just add r, for example: later, nicer, etc..
- If the ending in a consonant-vowel-consonant, the final consonant plus, then plus-er, for example: bigger, hotter, etc.
- If the ending-y, then y changed to i then added er, for example: happier, Earlier, busier, heavier, etc.

For long adjectives, the rule only adds more words only on adjectives, for example: expensive to be more expensive, more beautiful to be beautiful, and so on.
Some adjectives have irregular shapes, such as good - better, well (healthy) - better, bad - worse, far - farther / further, etc.

Adjectives with two syllables can use-er or more: quiet - quieter / more quiet, clever - cleverer / more clever, narrow - narrower / more narrow, simple - Simpler / more simple.
Comparative adjectives are not only used to compare two different objects, but can also be used to compare the same object that points to itself, and the object is not to say, as one example sentence above: I want to have a more powerful computer.
Adjectives with one syllable
To make the comparative form of an adjective with one syllable, we add-er to the adjective, for example:
• slow – slower
• fast – faster
• tall – taller
• short – shorter

To make a comparison of an adjective with one syllable and ends with the letter-e, we simply add-r. Example:
• nice – nicer
• large – larger

If adjectives with one syllable ending with vowels and consonants, then we double the consonant. Example:
• - big – bigger
• hot – hotter
• thin – thinner

Adjectives with two syllables
If the adjective has two or more syllables, we add more before the adjective. Example:
• This book is more expensive than that book.
• This picture is more beautiful.

However, there are many exceptions to the rule of one / two syllables it.
Some words with 2 syllables have properties similar to words that have 1 syllable. Example:
• This is Easier – True
• This is more easy - not really
• This is Simpler – True
• This is more simple - not true


And some adjectives can use both comparative form. Example:
- Clever - cleverer - more clever: These are all correct
- Quiet - quieter - more quiet: These are all correct.

No exceptions can be learned through the rules, the best way to learn is to learn it one by one.
Example Problem:
1. The Nile river is ____ than the Amazon.
a. Longer
b. more long
c. Longest
d. Long

1. I'm ______ than Yuri but _____ than Miko.
a. tallest, shorter
b. more tall, more short
c. taller, shortest
d. taller, shorter

1. They're ______ than us, but we're ______ than them.
a. handsomer, smarter
b. more handsome, more smart
c. most handsome, smarter
d. more handsome, smarter

1. This book bag is _______ than that bag.
a. most expensive
b. Expensive
c. more expensive
d. Expensive


1. This newspaper is ________ than that newspaper.
a. more good
b. most good
c. Gooder
d. Better
Answer
1. The Nile river is longer than the Amazon, due to the nature of the required sentence consists of only one syllable, and only comparing two objects.
 1. 2. I'm taller than Yuri but shorter than Michael, because of the nature of the required line is just made up of one syllable and just compare 2 objects.
1. 3. They're more handsome than us, but we're smarter than them, because it takes the first adjective phrase consists of two syllables, while the second adjective only consists of one syllable and just compare the two objects.
1. 4. This book bag is more expensive than that bag, because of the nature of the required sentence is composed of two syllables and just compare the two objects.
1. 5. This newspaper is better than that newspaper, said the sentence required properties are the adjectives that have irregular shapes change as bad to worse, became much more, a further far, so good be a better adjective.

Conditional Clauses
Conditional (sentence presupposition) explains that an activity contrary to other activities. The most common conditional is Real and Unreal Conditonal Conditonal, sometimes called if-clauses. Real Conditional (often also referred to as Conditional Type I) which describes mengandai-if in accordance with the facts.

Unreal Conditional (often also referred to as Conditional Type II) which describes the supposition that no real or imagined. There is also a 3rd Conditional often called the Conditional Type III, is used as a regret that happened in the past and zero conditionals, used to express something that is definitely true.

Note: If the clause "if" is placed at the beginning of a sentence, we must use the "coma". Conversely, if the clause "if" is behind, then there should be no comma
Conditional or modality has 3 forms:
1. Future Conditional (Conditional Type 1)
This assumption states that something might happen in the future or now, if the terms / certain conditions are met.

Type 1 Conditional formula:
+ Subject + If + subject + present simple modals (will, can, may, must) V1 (simple form)
example: If have money I will buy a new car

Simple If + Subject + ... + subject + present simple-present
example: If he has enough time, John usually walks to school.

If + Subject + ... + command simple present form
example: If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me!

2. Unreal Present (Conditional Type 2)
This assumption states something contrary to what exists or happens now.
+ If + subject + subject + simple past modals (would, could, might) V1 (Simple Form)
example: If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend
(I do not have time so I could not go)
He would tell you about it if he were here
(He would say if he were here, that because she's not here, he did not say / Because he is not here he does not tell you about it.)

* For the if-clause in this form only to be "were" is used for all subjects.
if the conditional type 2 can be removed is by using pattern inversion:
Were + subject + Adj / Noun + capital + subject (would, could, might) + V1
example: Were I John I would not forgive you.
(If only I was the john I will not forgive you, in fact I not john so I forgive you / I'm not John so I forgive you).
He could hug me, if he were here. (She may hug me, if he's here). The fact is: he can not hug me, Because, he is not here.
3. Unreal Past (Conditional Type 3)
This assumption states something contrary to what has happened (past).
Type 3 Conditional formula:
+ If + Subject + Past Perfect ... subject modals (would, could, might) have + V3
example:
1.      If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
(If only we knew you were there, we had sent a letter to you;
which means that we do not send the letter because we do not know you're there / I did not know that you were there so I did not write you a letter.
2. He would tell you about it if he were here.
3. If he did not speak so quickly intervening, you could understand him.
Form inversion (without the "IF") for this pattern:
Had + subject + subject + V3 ... modals (would, could, might) have + V3
inverse sentence above when written into:
Had we known that you were there, we would have written you a letter.
without changing the meaning or significance.
Example Problem:
1. If it _____ so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside
a. Was
b. was not x
c. were not
d. had not
1. If she ______ her to advance the clock one hour, she would not have been late for work
a.   should have remembered
b. could remembered
c. Remembered
d. would have remembered x
1. If I were rich, I ______ to Canada to learn English.
a. will go
b. would go
c. will to go
d. would have go
1. You should pass this exam _____ _____ _____ if you have Studied
a. easy, easily, hardly
b. ease, easy, hard
c. Easily, easy, hard
d. easy, easily, hard

Answer:
1. 1. If it was not so cloudy, we would plan on having the fair outside, because the parent sentence using the V1, so this conditional sentence should use the type 2 and thus require simple past tenses.
 1. 2. If she would have remembered her to advance the clock one hour, she would not have been late for work, because the main clause uses V3, been, then the conditional sentence must use a type 3 so need past perfect tenses as an answer.
 1. 3. If I were rich, I would go to Canada to learn English, because it is unreal conditional (conditional sentence) type 1, which is in fact in the present tense, which is: I am not rich, so I do not / will not go to Canada to learn English. Thus, the correct option is "would go".
 1. 4. You should pass this exam Easily easy if you have Studied hard, because the consecutive sentences require adjective, adverb, and an adverb. Adverb form of the adjective "hard" is "hard". The word "hardly" is an adverb, but the meaning is "almost never" = "almost never", which does not fit the context of this sentence.

Noun Clauses
Noun clause is a clause (ie subject and verb) is used as a noun. Noun clause in the sentence is generally used as a subject and an object sentences.
Noun clause can be preceded by:
• Question word or relative pronoun question either single word or phrase:
o Single question word (ie when, how, what, ect.).
o Question word + determiner / noun / adjective / adverb.
o Question word + infinitive.
• CONJUNCTION (i.e. Whether and if).
• That or the fact that.

So the pattern of the noun clause is:
Question word / conjunction / that + subject + verb + ...
A. Noun clauses beginning with the words Question
How to Address Questions in've discussed about the use of the word good in making the information asked questions and in making embedded questions. Embedded questions are noun clause. In this section are given additional examples to refresh your memory.
1. Single question words.
Example:
1. Where she is now is still unknown.
2. When they arrive is still uncertain.
3. I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt. Note: in this sentence, noun clause what you did last summer became the object of I know and I still know, and once combined with: are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt, a compound subject of the sentence.
Noun clause can be placed at the beginning of the sentence (as subject) or as an object. If you want to change the position of the subject noun clause object sentence into a sentence, it is usually necessary pronoun or a slight modification of the word. The above example becomes:
1. It is still unknown where she is now.
2. Do you know when they arrive?
3. Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Because the title of movies, noun clause what you did last summer does not need to be rotated position.
Note:
a) Clause question preceded by certain words (ie when, Whenever, where) can also function as an adverbial clause.
Example:
1. I was reading a book when the phone rang.
2. I went to where I and my ex-girlfriend had been last weekend.
3. Suddenly I get nausea Whenever I see his face. (Nausea = nausea / vomiting willing).

b). Clause is preceded by the words specific question (ie who, Whom, Whose + noun) can also function as an adjective clause. In this case, the question is actually a relative pronoun. Well, do not be too confused by the term. Important that you understand the pattern / structure of the sentence. But, if you are curious, please read the adjective clauses topic.
Example:
1. I think you Whom Mr. Dodi was looking for. (I guess you (people) who pack Dodi were looking for earlier).
2. Mr. Dodi, who is a teacher, was looking for you at school.
3. Rommy, Whose book was stolen last week, just bought another new book yesterday.
So, how to tell if the noun clause, adverbial clause, or adjective clause? The answer is simple. Noun clause can be replaced by the pronoun it, while the adverbial clause and adjective clause no. Noun clause answers the question what and who / Whom; adverbial clause answering questions when, where, how (including how much, how often, ect), and why. Adjective clause (ie in the form of an adjective clause) describes noun, and relative pronounnya (ie who, that, ect.) In Indonesian means "the".

Question words + ever / soever
Except how, at the end of question words can be added ever or soever Whenever = whensoever, whatever = whatsoever, and so on. Meaning here ever or soever the same, ie only / no, stay combined with a question word in front of him. Meanwhile, how + ever be however (ie adverb or also called a transition word meaning yet / even if it is) is not included in this category.
Example:
1. We will accept whatever you want us to do. (We will accept / do whatever you want us to do).
2. Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy. (Melt = melt). Be careful: guy (pronounced gae) = men, while gay (read gei) = fag = fag.
3. She has agreed to wherever the man would bring her. (He has agreed to take him wherever he goes). Note: in speaking (informal), preposition (in this case to, etc.) Is usually placed at the end of the sentence. She has agreed wherever the man would bring her to.


Question nouns + words
Question words + nouns are often used, among others: what time (time), what day (what day), what time (time), what kind (what kind), what type (what type), Whose + nouns (ie Whose car, Whose book, ect.), and so on.
Example:
1. I can not remember what day we will take the exam.
2. As long as I am faithful, she does not care what type of family I come from. (Faithful = loyal).
3. Do you know what time it is?
4. I do not know Whose car is parked in front of my house.

Question adjectives + words
+ Question words are frequently used adjectives such as: how long (how long / long), how far (how much), how old (how old / Age), ect.
Example:
1. Man! She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
2. I am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
3. What a jerk. He did not even ask how long I had been waiting for him.

Question words + determiners

Determiners + Question words often used is: how many (how many) and how much (how many). Remember: how many followed by plural nouns, whereas how much followed by uncountable nouns.
Example:
1. Is there any correlation between how good he or she is in English and how many books he or she has?
2. How much will improve your English skills is determined by how hard you practice.




Question words + adverbs
+ Question words are frequently used adverbs are: how Often (how often), how many times (how many times) ect.
Example:
1. Often no matter how I practice, my English still sucks. (No matter how many times I practice, my english is bad). Suck (informal verb) = bad / not good; suck another meaning: suck.
2. I do not want my parents to know how many times I have left school early. (Leave school early = absent).

Question words + infinitives
If the question words immediately followed by infinitives, the invinitives implies shouldatau can / could. Note that the subject after question words omitted.
Example:
1. She did not know what to do = She did not know what she should do. (He does not know what he should do).
2. Please tell me how to get the train station from here = Please tell me how I can get the train station from here.
3. We have not Decided when to go to the beach = We have not Decided when we should go to the beach.
4. Mary told us where to find her = Marry told us where we could find her.

Noun clauses beginning with Whether / if
Whether can be followed by OR / NOT can not; meaning of the sentence is usually the same although the OR / NOT is not mentioned (it depends on the context of the sentence).
Example:
1. Whether I am not sure she is coming or not = I am not sure Whether or not she is coming = I am not sure Whether she is coming. (I'm not sure whether he will come or not).

2. We can not decide Whether we should go out or stay home. = We can not decide Whether to go or (to) stay home. Note, infinitives can also be used after Whether.
3. Whether I am not sure I should take economics or law after I graduate from high school. (I'm not sure if I should take some Economic Law after graduating from high school or later).
4. If you take economics, I will take economics. On the other hand, if you take law, I will take law too.

Noun clauses beginning with that / the fact that
Here, that means that, while the fact that means the fact that. Whereas, that in adjective clauses mean that.
Example:
1. That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of people that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
2. It is the fact that the world is round = the fact that the world is round is well known.
3. It was obvious that she was very sick = The fact that she was very sick was obvious.
4. It seems that it is going to rain soon.
Example Problem:
1. The teacher heard who answered the question. (C)
Analysis:
• The first sentence "The teacher heard" is true because the subject teacher and heard verbnya. The second sentence "Who answered the phoned" is also true because who serves as a subject and answered as verbnya. Who at the same time also serves as connetor.
• So the above sentence is correct.
2. I do not understand it went wrong. (I)
Analysis:
• The first sentence "I do not understand" is correct because I do not understand the subject and verb. The second sentence "it went wrong" is wrong because there is no connector at once subject.
• correct sentence should be: I do not understand what went wrong.What subject and also serves as a connector, while his went as a verb,
3. Of the three movies, I can not decide is the best roomates. (C)
Analysis:
• In the first sentence, I can not decide as Subject and as a verb. In the second sentence, roomates as well as the subject and the connector is a verb,
4. She did not remember who in her class. (I)
Analysis
• In the first sentence, as She did not remember the subject and the verb. Dikalimat second, who as a connector and also subject but no verbnya,
• ayng correct sentence should ................. who was in her class.
5. No one is sure what did it happen in front of the building. (I)
Analysis:
• The first sentence is correct because No one is subject and is is a verb, but the second sentence is wrong because there was and it did. Seharusnay did and it deleted and verb "happen" into the past tense "happened".
• So the correct sentence should be: ....... what happened in front of the building.

TOEFL STRUCTURE PROBLEM
1. When James arrived home after a hard day at work, ___________________
(A) His wife was sleeping
(B) His wife slept
(C) His wife has slept
(D) His wife has been sleeping
Answer: (A) His wife was sleeping

Grammar: Gerund
2. He entered a university _________________________
(A) When he had sixteen years
(B) When sixteen years were his age
(C) At the age of sixteen
(D) At age sixteen years old
Answer: (C) at the age of sixteen

Grammar: prepositions of time
3. _____________ He ​​looked forward to the new venture.
(A) Eagerly
(B) With great eagerness
(C) Eagernessly
(D) In ​​a state of increasing eagerness
Answer: (A) eagerly

Grammar: degrees of comparison
4. His university's program ______________ those of Harvard.
(A) Come second after
(B) Are second only to
(C) Are first except for
(D) Are in second place from
Answer: (B) Are Second only to

Grammar: present progressive tense
5. It was not until she arrived in class ______________ Realized she had forgotten her book.
(A) And she
(B) When she
(C) She
(D) That she
Answer: (D) that she

Grammar: Noun Clause
6. Those students do not like to read novels _______________ text books.
(A) In any case
(B) Forgetting about
(C) Leaving out the questions
(D) Much less
Answer: (D) much less

Grammar: clause of contrast

7. The jurors were told to _________________________
(A) Talk all they wanted
(B) Make lots of experiences
(C) Speak freely
(D) Much less
Answer: (C) speak freely

Grammar: degrees of comparison
8. _________________ The best car to buy is a Mercedes Benz.
(A) Because of its durability and economy
(B) Because it lasts a long time, and it is very economical
(C) Because of its durability and it is economical
(D) Because durably and economy wise it is better than all the others.
Answer: (A) Because of its durability and economy

Grammar: adverbial clause of Reason
9. With the passing of time and the encroachment of people, the habitat of gorillas______ To Decrease.
(A) Continuing
(B) Which continue
(C) Continues
(D) That it has continued
Answer: (C) continues

Grammar: simple present tense
10. Tony would have Studied medicine if he __________ to a medical school.
(A) Could be enter
(B) Had been Admitted
(C) Was Admitted
(D) Were Admitted
Answer: (B) had been Admitted

Grammar: Derivation
11. The more she worked, ________________
(A) The less she Achieved
(B) She did not Achieve enough
(C) She Achieved not enough
(D) She was Achieving less
Answer: (A) the less she Achieved

Grammar: Derivation
12. At the Seventh International Ballet Competitions, Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever _________ to a United States male dancer.
(A) To be awarded
(B) To awards
(C) That awards
(D) Should be awarding
Answer: (A) to be awarded

Grammar: infinitive
13. Despite being basically arboreal in nature, koalas ________ to inhabit a specific territory and range of some 30 square miles.
(A) Knowing
(B) Which know
(C) Are knowing
(D) Are known
Answer: (D) are known

Grammar: simple past tense
14. Plankton, ______, is the basic foodstuff for everything that lives in the ocean.
(A) Comprise minute both marine animals and plants
(B) Is the name given to minute marine animals and plants
(C) The collective name for minute marine animals and plants
(D) Minute Collectively marine animals and plants that
Answer: (C) the collective name for minute marine animals and plants

Grammar: Noun Modifier
15. Before starting on a sea voyage, prudent navigators learn the sea charts, __,
And memorize lighthouse locations to prepare Themselves for any conditions they might encounter.
(A) Sailing directions are Studied
(B) Study the sailing directions
(C) To direct sailing studies
(D) direct sailing Studies
Answer: (B) Study the sailing studies
Grammar: Gerund